![]() While adenosine agonists cause profound hypothermia via each AR, adenosine did not cause hypothermia (or bradycardia or hypotension) in QKO mice, indicating that AR-independent signals do not contribute to adenosine-induced hypothermia. However, the mice showed decreased survival starting at about 15 weeks of age. ![]() The QKO mice demonstrate that ARs are not required for growth, metabolism, breeding, and body temperature regulation (diurnal variation, response to stress, and torpor). We generated mice lacking all four adenosine receptors (ARs), Adora1 −/− Adora2a −/− Adora2b −/− Adora3 −/− (quad knockout ), to enable investigation of the AR dependence of physiologic processes, focusing on body temperature. The importance of adenosine signaling in basal physiology, as opposed to adaptive responses to danger/damage situations, is unclear. Adenosine is a constituent of many molecules of life increased free extracellular adenosine indicates cell damage or metabolic stress.
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